To understand the abnormal behavior of a person, it is first necessary to understand the meaning of normal and abnormal. Normal is called ‘Normal’ in English. The word Normal is derived from the Latin word Norma. It means ‘carpenter’s yardstick’. A carpenter’s tape measure is considered an ideal measuring tool and whose dimensions are considered ideal. Hence, it can be said that the ideal state of universally accepted standards means Normal.
There are many reasons responsible for Abnormal Behavior. All these reasons can be mainly divided into three parts:
1. Biological causes
2. Psychosocial causes
3. Sociocultural reasons
1. Biological Causes:
Abnormal behavior is attributed to biological causes such as neurotransmission, synapse (space between two neurons), imbalance of endocrine glands, defective genetics, physical constitution, laxity of the brain as well as lack of physical fitness.
The role of the nervous system is important for the proper coordination of the functioning of the brain and executive organs. Boody’s nervous system is made up of cells called neurons. Neurons carry nerve impulses from sensory organs to the brain and brain commands to the executive organs. Messages and commands from one neuron travel to another neuron via a nerve impulse. Nerve conduction is an electrochemical process. A neuron and another neuron are not connected to each other. The space between the two is called the neuron. Imbalances in neurotransmission, synapses and chemicals play an important role in abnormal behavior.
Neurological imbalance
Neurological imbalances are responsible for the emergence of mental stress and abnormal behavior. The over-activity of nerve impulses causes a specific type of chemical to enter the neuron from the nerve fiber (end fiber), resulting in abnormal behavior.
Normally, nerve impulses from one neuron return to the same neuron in a process called reuptake. This may result in psychosis such as depression. This process is slowed down by anti-depressants such as Proz C.
Neurons contain biochemicals such as dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin or GABA. Its imbalance leads to abnormal behavior. Dopamine dysregulation is thought to be a cause of schizophrenia. Norepinephrine plays an important role in the response time to sudden challenging and threatening stressful situations. An imbalance in it increases the risk of traumatic psychosis, heart disease or stroke. Serotonin imbalance plays an important role in depressive, traumatic and impulsive disorders. GABA supplementation has been shown to be effective in anxiety disorders.
Endocrine imbalances are responsible for behavioral disorders, depression and psychosomatic diseases. Deficiency of secretion of thyroxine from the laryngeal gland leads to mental retardation called ‘cateninism’. Irregularity of the pancreas gives rise to psychosomatic diseases like diabetes. Adrenal gland dysfunction associated with impulsivity can also lead to abnormal behavior.
Genetics and mental traits
Genetics carry the inheritance of physical and mental traits. Intelligence and some mental disorders are based on genetics. Normally there are 46 chromosomes in the body but if 47 chromosomes are obtained instead of 46. Then the mental retardation called Down Syndromes occurs. Along with environment, heredity also plays an important role in mental disorders such as schizophrenia, alcoholism, substance abuse, depression etc.
Fine Body Composition Classification by Cashmere and Sheld.
In the body composition classifications described by Cashmer and Scheldt, obese individuals are more likely to develop manic-depressive and muscular-dominant individuals are more likely to develop schizophrenic psychosis.
2. Psychosocial Causes:
Unusual Behavior
And psychosocial causes account for biological causes. Experiences, problems, challenges, difficulties that a person faces in life play an important role in shaping his behavior. Among psychosocial causes These include early deprivation or trauma, broken marriages and broken families, inappropriate parental behavior, and faulty socialization.
Childhood experiences have lifelong effects on a person’s psyche. Parents provide support, security and warmth to children by meeting their needs. But if the parents are unable to do so, the child starts to behave abnormally. Children who experience parental deprivation have a higher rate of abnormal behavior. Children who are victims of childhood sexual abuse or aggression also have a higher rate of abnormal behavior.
Family is the foundation of socialization. The growth of socialization is important in making a child a social person.If parents are not able to achieve satisfactory adjustment with other persons, are sensitive towards other persons, parents who believe in taking advantage of other persons cannot develop proper socialization in children. Also factors such as family environment, place of residence, number of members in the family etc. also affect the normality of behavior.
Thus, a person’s normality is based on parents, family, siblings, friends, place of residence and work, interaction with other persons, etc.
3. Socio Cultural Reasons:
Sociocultural factors also influence behavior and personality. Every culture has its own unique rules, customs, moral concepts. These things affect the way of child rearing, interaction with other persons, sense of community, outlook on life etc. in a person’s life. The inherent weakness of society and culture threatens the normality of one’s behavior. Research on the basis of culture has shown that those who follow Western cultures have higher rates of abnormal behavior than those who follow Eastern cultures.
Margaret Mead studied the Arapera and Mundagumora tribes of New Guinea and found that the Arapera people were more generous, calm and cooperative, while the Munhegomer people were more suspicious, competitive, quarrelsome and aggressive. were hateful.
Benner’s studies show that long-term unemployment results in alienation, depression, aggression, guilt, and antisocial behavior.
Thus, socio-cultural factors influence the moderation of behavior.
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